Liver Function Test
A series of special blood tests can often to determine whether or not the liver is functioning properly. These tests can also distinguish between acute and chronic liver disorders and between hepatitis and cholestasis.
The most commonly performed blood tests include:
-
Serum Bilirubin Test
Elevated levels of bilirubin often indicate an obstruction of bile flow or a defect in the processing of bile by the liver. Bilirubin is produced by the liver and is excreted in the bile. - Serum Albumin Test
Below-normal levels of albumin, a protein made by the liver, are associated with many chronic liver disorders. - Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Test
Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme found in the bile, usually indicate an obstruction of bile flow, liver injury, or certain cancers. - Serum Aminotransferases (transaminases)
This enzyme is released from damaged liver cells. - Prothrombin Time (PTT) Test
This test measures the time it takes for blood to clot. Blood clotting requires vitamin K and a protein made by the liver. Liver cell damage and bile flow obstruction can both interfere with proper blood clotting. - Alanine Transaminase (ALT) Test
This enzyme is released from damaged liver cells. - Aspartate Transaminase (AST) Test
This enzyme is released from damaged liver, heart, muscle, or brain cells. - Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase Test
This enzyme is produced by the liver, pancrease, and kidneys and released into the blood when these organs are injured. - Lactic Dehydrogenase Test
This enzyme is released when organs such as the liver, heart, lung, or brain are injured. - 5'-Nucleotidase Test
This enzyme is released by the liver when the liver is injured due to bile duct obstruction or impaired bile flow. - Alpha-fetoprotein Test
This protein is produced by the fetal liver and tests, indicating hepatitis or cancer. - Mitochondrial Antibodies Test
The presence of these antibodies can indicate primary biliary chirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and certain other autoimmune disorders.
